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Diairesis
Diairesis (Greek: διαίρεσις ''diairesis'', "division") is used as a technical term in Platonic and Stoic philosophy.
== Plato's method of definition ==
Diairesis is Plato's later method of definition based on division which is developed in the Platonic dialogues ''Phaedrus'', ''Sophist'', ''Statesman'' and ''Philebus''. It is a means of attempting to reach a definition by which a collection of candidates is repeatedly divided into two parts with one part eliminated until a suitable definition is discovered.
A complementary term is ''merismos'' (cf. English merism: parsing or the distinguishing of parts, as opposed to ''diairesis'', which is the division of a genus into its parts).
For example, in the ''Sophist'' (§235B), the Eleatic Stranger is examining illusions, which consist of words and "visual objects." By using ''diairesis'', he divides visual objects, by which it becomes clear he means works of art, into two categories: ''eikastikē technē'', the art of making likenesses or ''eikones''; and ''phantastikē technē'', the art of creating illusionary appearances. The Stranger is much more fond of the former; the latter are only created to produce an appearance of beauty.
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